HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA
MODULE 6
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
(SYNTHESIS QUESTIONS)
1. The following documents illustrate important stages in the economic
life of Quebec and Canada during the first half of the twentieth century.
ARRANGE THEM IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
Document 1
The Depression gradually affected all sectors : agriculture, natural
resources, manufacturing and even services.
Document 2
It was the beginning of aluminum and chemical production. These two
activities required large amounts of hydro-electric power.
Document 3
Hitler's troops invaded Poland. From the outset, Canada found itself
involved in the conflict and participated by sending troops overseas and
by undertaking an unprecedented industrial war effort.
2. ON THE TIME LINE, PLACE AN X IN THE PERIOD WHICH DESIGNATES
THE HISTORICAL PERIOD DESCRIBED IN THE TWO DOCUMENTS BELOW.
Document 1
It was Black Thursday that grabbed the headlines in most Canadian
newpapers. The stock exchanges in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Baltimore
plummeted as shares were sold by the tens of thousands.
Document 2
BENNETT'S NEW DEAL
-
a minimum wage
-
an eight-hour workday and a 48-hour workweek
-
a program of social assistance
/____________/____________/____________/____________/
1909
1919
1929
1939
1949
3. The following changes affected Quebec society during its second
phase of industrialization.
-
Industrialization brought about further urban growth.
-
Quebec's economic development resulted from foreign investment, particularly
from the United States.
-
Quebec's economic development was based on the exploitation of natural
resources intended primarily for foreign markets.
ON THE TIME LINE, WHICH TIME FRAME CORRESPONDS TO THE PERIOD DURING
WHICH THESE CHANGES TOOK PLACE ?
A)
B)
C)
D)
/____________/____________/____________/____________/
1840
1870
1900
1930
1960
4. Industrialization in Quebec took place in two distinct phases: the
first phase from 1867 to 1896 and the second phase from 1896 to 1929.
FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES, CHECK THE CHARACTERISTIC THAT
IS ASSOCIATED WITH QUEBEC'S SECOND PHASE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION .
Coal ___
ENERGY USED:
Hydroelectricity ___
Montreal and Quebec City ___
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS:
Mauricie, Saguenay-Lac St.- Jean, Outaouais, Abitibi ___
Canadian market ___
INTENDED MARKETS:
Foreign markets (England and the U.S.) ___
5. The following events were major turning points in the history of
Canada during the first half of the 20th century.
PLACE THESE EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
1. The First World War
The active military role played by Canada during this war contributed
to greater autonomy from England.
2. The Second World War
During the war the federal government planned and controlled production
and subsidized industries.
3. The Years of Prosperity
These years were characterized by the appearance of the automobile,
the airplane, talking pictures and an American dance known as the Charleston.
4. The Years of Despair
These years were characterized by the Great Depression that brought
about the bankruptcy of numerous businesses and nation-wide unemployment.
_____ _____
_____
_____
6. The following statements are all associated with a major historical
event in Canada.
-
In October 1929, stock prices on the New York Stock Excnange tumbled as
millions of shares were offered for sale but no buyers were to be found.
-
In 4 years Canada's gross national product declined 42 per cent.
-
By 1933 more than 25 per cent of Canadian wage-earners were out of work.
THE PERIOD DESCRIBED ABOVE IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE ______
___________________.
7. IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SETS, SELECT THE CHARACTERISTIC THAT DESCRIBES
CANADIAN SOCIETY DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION OF THE 1930s.
POLITICS
1. The federal government intervened immediately by introducing
unemployment insurance.
2. New political parties emerged and proposed new solutions.
3. The federal government took steps to reduce public services to the
population.
ECONOMY
4. The Canadian economy experienced little difficulty as a result of
the worldwide depression.
5. The Canadian government signed a free trade agreement with the U.S.
6. The economic sectors hardest hit were the pulp and paper industries,
agriculture, and mining.
SOCIETY
7. Factory owners and workers developed co-operative strategies to
deal with unemployment.
8. Thousands of individuals lost their jobs and became unemployed for
several years.
9. Generous social assistance programs helped many Canadians survive
these difficult times.
POLITICS _____ ECONOMY _____
SOCIETY _____
8. In the 1920s, the North American economy was characterized by heavy
consumption and subsequent overproduction in industry. Many people speculated
in the stock market. In October 1929, the stock market crashed and, in
the following years, the entire industrialized world was plunged into a
serious economic crisis.
TWO ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THIS CRISIS IN CANADA WERE :
A) _________________________________________________.
B) _________________________________________________.
9. The following documents represent different events during the course
of the Great Depression.
ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.
Document 1
The real crash of the New York Stock Exchange occurred on October 24th,
Black Thursday. 16.5 million shares were up for sale with no buyers.
Document 2
Throughout Canada, the outbreak of another world war brought back prosperity.
Everyone had a job, and companies benefitted from wartime conditions.
Document 3
Work camps and public work projects were created by governments to
deal with massive unemployment.
Document 4
Thousands of workers lost their jobs when companies closed. Many waited
years before finding employment.
10. IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SETS, SELECT THE ELEMENT WHICH CHARACTERIZES
THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1896 AND 1929 IN CANADA.
POLITICAL ASPECT
1. Quebec denounced Ottawa's attitude in the Riel affair.
2. World War 1 and military conscription further divided Canadians.
3. Women had no difficulties getting the right to vote in federal elections.
ECONOMIC ASPECT
4. Canada experienced a period of economic prosperity brought on mainly
by foreign investment.
5. Canada experienced a period of prosperity because of government
intervention in the economy.
6. Canada experienced an economic depression because of the collapse
of the stock market.
SOCIAL ASPECT
7. Record emigration of English Canadians to the United States.
8. Urban growth throughout Canada declined during this period.
9. Large numbers of Europeam immigrants settled the Canadian West.
POLITICAL ASPECT _____
ECONOMIC ASPECT _____
SOCIAL ASPECT _____
11. NAME TWO SOCIAL MEASURES IMPLEMENTED BY GOVERNMENTS DURING
THE 1930s TO OFFSET THE EFFECTS OF THE DEPRESSION.
TWO SOCIAL MEASURES :
1. ____________________________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________________________.
12. FROM EACH OF THE BOXES BELOW, CHOOSE ONE STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES
CANADIAN SOCIETY BETWEEN 1896 AND 1929.
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECT
1. The provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created.
2. Newfoundland joined Confederation.
ECONOMIC ASPECT
3. Corporations invested large amounts of money in order to exploit
Canada's natural resources.
4. The depression was characterized by high unemployment, factory
closings and the absence of social services.
POLITICAL ASPECT
5. Prime Minister, Wilfred Laurier, sought a compromise that would
satisfy all Canadians concerning Canada's role in the British empire.
6. Premier Maurice Duplessis had the fleur-de-lis adopted as Quebec's
flag.
GEOGRAPHICAL _____
ECONOMIC _____
POLITICAL _____
CORRECTION KEY
1. 2
1 3
2. /____________/____________/_____
X_______/____________/
1909
1919
1929
1939
1949
3. C
4. ENERGY USED:
Hydroelectricity
INDUSTRIAL REGIONS:
Mauricie, Saguenay-Lac St.-Jean, Outaouais, Abitibi
INTENDED MARKETS:
Foreign markets (England and the U.S.)
5. 1
3 4
2
6. Great Depression
7. POLITICS
2 ECONOMY
6 SOCIETY
8
8. Accept any two of the following :
bankruptcies, factory closings, increase in unemployment, drop in economic
production and exports of natural resources, stock market crash, protectionist
trade policies, drop in consumer demand
9. 1
4 3
2
10. POLITICAL
2 ECONOMIC
4 SOCIAL
9
11. Accept any two of the following:
relief programs, relief camps, public works, back-to-the-land movement
in Quebec
12. GEOGRAPHICAL
1 ECONOMIC
3 POLITICAL
5
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