(SYNTHESIS QUESTIONS) 
 

1. FROM THE LIST BELOW, SELECT THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM, THE POLITICAL PROBLEM, AND THE SOCIAL PROBLEM THAT WERE AT THE ROOT OF THE 1837-38 REBELLIONS 

1. The agricultural crisis (the shortage of land ) 
2. The threat of an American invasion 
3. The cholera epidemic 
4. The increase in customs duties 
5. The lack of responsible government 
6. The Louis Riel affair 

2. The period between 1830 and 1840 was one of poilitical confrontation in Lower Canada. It was against the backdrop of this conflict that the rebellions of 1837- 1838 took place. 

PLACE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 

1. The Patriotes revolted and were defeateded by the British army. 
2. The British Parliament imposed the Act of Union. 
3. The 92 Resolutions were passed by the Lower Canadian assembly. 

____                 ____                 ____ 

3. The text below refers to a turning point in our history. 

The Lower Canada Assembly passed the 92 Resolutions, a list of grievances, complaints and demands of the Canadiens.  England's response to the 92 Resolutions contained in Russell's Resolutions rejected the demands to make the Legislative Council an elected body and to make the Executive Council responsible to the Assembly.  

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

4. WHICH PERIOD OF TIME IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING THREE STATEMENTS ? 

• Soil depletion and out-dated equipment brought a long period of decline in agricultural production in Lower Canada. 
• During the rebellions major battles took place in Saint-Denis, Saint-Charles, and Saint-Eustache. 
• Thousands of Irish immigrants came from the British Isles.

               1763                          1774                          1791                         1840                        1867  
 
 
5. The five events described in the following texts cover the period 1834 to 1848. Two of these events have already been placed correctly. 

PLACE THE OTHER THREE EVENTS  IN THEIR CORRECT CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 
 

1. There was to be one United Assembly: 42 elected members would represent Canada West and 42 elected members would represent Canada East . 

2. In his report, Lord Durham recommended the union of the two Canadas and responsible government. 

3. During the rebellions major battles took place in Saint-Denis, Saint Charles, and Saint-Eustache. 

4. In the 92 Resolutions, the Lower Canadian assembly called for an elected legislative council, control of the budget, and responsible government. 

5. Govrernor Elgin applied the principle of responsible government : the members of the executive council would be chosen from among the elected representatives. 

____      3      ____      _____      5 
 
 

The right to __________. 
 
 
 

7. FROM EACH OF THE SETS BELOW, CHOOSE THE FACTOR WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE EVENTS OF 1837-1838. 
 
ECONOMIC FACTORS 
1. Lower Canada was experiencing a serious agricultural crisis. 
2. The timber trade benefitted only Upper Canada. 
3. England abolished free trade. 

SOCIAL FACTORS 
4. The Loyalists were moving into Lower Canada. 
5. Large numbers of British immigrants arrived in Lower Canada. 
6. The overpopulation of the seigneuries forced many habitants to migrate to the towns and cities. 

POLITICAL FACTORS 
7. The Governor refused to give the members of the Legislative Assembly control over the budget. 
8. The Legislative Assembly was primarily composed of British representatives. 
9. The British Parliament refused to unite the two Canadas. 

ECONOMIC FACTOR _____            SOCIAL FACTOR _____            POLITICAL FACTOR _____ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TEXT BY WRITING A FEW SENTENCES IN WHICH YOU MAKE LINKS BETWEEN THE ARMED CONFLICTS, DURHAM'S REPORT AND THE ACT OF UNION. 
 

During the 1830's, discontent in Lower Canada had reached a peak.  

In 1834, the members of the Assembly sent London a long list of grievances and demands in the 92 Resolutions. Three years later, Lord John Russell rejected the 92 resolutions.  

Rallies were held to tell the  population about the consequences of England's refusal. Armed conflicts broke out between the Patriotes and the British army.  

Following these conflicts ..... 

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________________________________. 
 
 
 
 

9. The following three documents characterize one of the most important periods in our history. 

PLACE THE DOCUMENTS IN CHRONOLICAL ORDER. 

1. Papineau and a small committee drafted reform proposals which they called the Ninety-two Resolutions.  

2. "I expected to find a contest between a government and a people : I found two nations warring within the bosom of a single state." 
Lord Durham 

3. "For a long time, Dear Brothers, we have heard nothing but talk of unrest  and revolution among our people. Do not be tempted by those who  urge you to rebel against the established government on the pretext that  you are a Sovereign People." 
Bishop Lartigue of Montreal 

                                        ____              ____              ____ 
 

10. The years between 1830 and 1840 were an explosive period in Lower Canada.  The rebellions of 1837-38 erupted during this period. 

 COMPLETE THE TEXT BELOW USING ONE OF EACH PAIR OF  SUGGESTIONS. 

A) Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine                                  D) Lord Durham 
     Louis-Joseph Papineau                                               Lord Russell 

B) measles                                                                     E) Constitutional Act 
     cholera                                                                           Act of Union 

C) 10 Resolutions                                                         F) responsible government 
     92 Resolutions                                                              representation by population 

In 1837, Parliament in London published the  C) _________________ rejecting the demands of the Patriotes. This action angered the population and violence broke out. The armed insurrection was severely suppressed by the army.  London named a new governor-general, D) _______________  , whose mission was to investigate the causes of the rebellion and to propose solutions to the problems in the Canadian colonies. The British Parliament accepted certain changes in the governor-general's report and adopted the  E) _________________.  London refused, however to grant   F) _______________   to the colonies. 
 
 
11. Following the rebellions of 1837-1838, London sent Lord Durham to investigate  the situation in the two Canadas.  He was to analyze the situation and submit his recommendations. After studying Durham's report, London decided to apply some of his recommendations.  These decisions were embodied in law in the constitution of  1840 (Act of Union). 

A) NAME THE POLITICAL SOLUTION PROPOSED IN EACH OF THE  TWO TEXTS BELOW. 

 TEXT 1 
"I believe that no permanent or efficient remedy can be devised for the disorders except a fusion. Thus the province would be subjected to the vigorous domination of an English majority in a legislative union." 
Durham's Report 

 Political solution proposed was ___________________________ 
 
TEXT 2 
According to Durham, the only way to put a stop to political agitation would be to instruct the governor to administer the colony according to the wishes of the Executive Council. This council would have to represent a majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly. 

 Political solution proposed was ___________________________ 
 

B) WHICH OF THESE POLITICAL SOLUTIONS WAS NOT INCLUDED IN THE ACT OF UNION OF 1840 ? 

 Of the above two political solutions proposed by Lord Durham, the one that was not included in the Act of Union of 1840 was Text  ____. 
 
 
 
 
 
  

CORRECTION KEY 
 

1.      ECONOMIC PROBLEM     1       POLITICAL PROBLEM     5       SOCIAL PROBLEM     3 
 

2.      3            1            2 
 
 
3.     The rebellion broke out. 
 
 
 4.      C 
 
 
 5.      4            3            2            1             5  
 
 
6.      The right to vote. 
 

7.      ECONOMIC FACTOR    1           SOCIAL FACTOR     5           POLITICAL FACTOR    7 
 
 
 8. 

Lord Durham was sent to Upper and Lower Canada to investigate the situation and to find solutions to both the political and social problems affecting Lower Canada. His political solution was to unify Upper and Lower Canada. This was accomplished in 1840 with the passage of the Act of Union. Regarding the French population of Lower Canada, Durham wanted the French Canadians to be assimilated by the English. 

        B)  cholera                                                E)  Act of Union 

        C)  10 Resolutions                                   F)  responsible government 
 

11. A)      Text 1:    Act of Union 

                Text 2:    Responsible government  
 

     B)      Responsible government