1. The type of land division in the countryside.
          2. The location of the main mining centres.
          3. The layout of the autoroutes.

          4. People's attachment to democratic institutions.
          5. Adaptation to a somewhat harsh environment.
          6. Openness to multicultural immigration.

          7. Language as an expression of Quebec's identity.
          8. A tendency to maintain a low birth rate.
          9. A predominantly urban population.

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NEW FRANCE :      THIRTEEN COLONIES :

2. With the Treaty of Paris, New France became a British colony. London issued the Royal Proclamation in an attempt to assimilate the Canadiens.
 

1. The new civil government of Quebec was to consist of an appointed governor and an appointed council.  An elected assembly was promised.
2. Freedom of worship was continued but instructions to Murray seemed to indicate the intention of establishing the Protestant Church and the setting up of  Protestant schools as a means of assimilating the French. Furthermore, French   Catholics could not take government jobs or be appointed to the council unless they took the Test Act (office holders had to take communion in the Church of   England).
3. A new boundary which confined the Province of Quebec to a small territory on the St. Lawrence.
4. The new governor, James Murray was instructed to replace French laws with British laws. However Murray found this to be impractical.  Consequently, British criminal law was immediately put into force but French civil law was retained.

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Territory                      Political organization   Civil and criminal law  Religion

3. The Treaty of Paris and the Royal Proclamation confirmed in law the British conquest of New France. French Canadiens had no choice but to accept this new situation.

IN WHICH YEAR DID THIS CHANGE OF EMPIRE BEGIN TO TAKE PLACE ?

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.
4. The Seven Years War in Europe had many consequences in North America, including the following three events:

          1. The Conquest
          2. The signing of the Treaty of Paris
          3. The adoption of the Royal Proclamation

MATCH EACH DESCRIPTION BELOW WITH ONE OF THE ABOVE EVENTS.

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A) Britain established the boundaries of a new colony, the Province of Quebec. 

B) The French army was defeated on the Plains of Abraham and Montreal surrendered the following year.

C) The King of France officially surrendered all of his possessions in North America to Britain except for the St. Pierre and Miquelon Islands.
 

5. DURING THE WAR OF THE CONQUEST, WHAT WERE TWO RESOURCES THE ENGLISH COLONIES FOUGHT FOR?

          1. The farmland of the St. Lawrence Lowlands
          2. The territories of the Ohio Valley
          3. The mining regions of the Canadian Shield
          4. The furs in the Great Lakes region
          5. The forest regions of the Ottawa Valley

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  and 
 

6. In 1783, England recognized American Independence. The Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America.

AS AN IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE,  WHICH GROUP SETTLED IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC ?
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7. IDENTIFY THREE CAUSES OF THE CONQUEST OF NEW FRANCE IN 1760 BY COMPARING THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH :
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Populations in North America

• The  had a small population (60 000) while the  numbered over a million and a half.

• The  navy was too weak to adequately supply it's colony.  The  navy reigned supreme and was effectively able to  blockade the few supplies and reinforcements that were sent.

• The colony was handicapped by its dependence on the mother country for supplies and reinforcements. Manufacturing hardly existed and her farms produced little.  was too preoccupied  with the war in Europe to lend much assistance.

The , on the other hand, could draw on the more ample manpower and supplies of its colony, on its own resources if  need be and on the support of its navy.

8. The events outlined below occurred between 1760 and 1791.

PLACE THESE EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.

          1. Quebec Act                                         3. Treaty of Paris
          2. Royal Proclamation                              4. Arrival of the Loyalists

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9. The Conquest brought about many significant changes in New France. Some elements of society, however did not change.

INDICATE WHETHER EACH STATEMENT BELOW ILLUSTRATES CONTINUITY OR CHANGE.

          1. The British imposed their laws and political structure on the colony.
          2. Religious communities were responsible for education, hospital care, and social welfare.
          3. Immigrants came from the Thirteen Colonies and Britain.
          4. The Canadiens spoke French and practiced the Catholic religion.
          5. The British controlled the fur trade.

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CONTINUITY : and  CHANGE : ,  and

10. In the following text, historian Guy Frégault analyzes the consequence of a major event in the history of Canada.

• New France lost everything ; with most of its territory gone, it was reduced to a narrow strip of land along the St. Lawrence Valley.

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The  of New France

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