1.The following events, all of which occurred during the same time period, 
   were directly related to the creation of Canadian Confederation. 

• The United States refuses to renew the Reciprocity Treaty.
• The Quebec Conference drafted 72 resolutions that became the basis of the BNA Act.
• The Act united Canada East, Canada West, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into one country. 

                     A)                  B)                C)                D) 
            /______________/______________/______________/______________/ 

        1840                      1850                       1860                    1870                    1880

2.WHICH TWO TEXTS DESCRIBE QUEBEC SOCIETY DURING 
   THE FIRST PHASE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION (1867-1896) ? 

1. Large American corporations invested in different regions of Quebec.
   They exploited the natural resources needed in the United States. 

2. The first industries were set up in Quebec's large cities. 
    The living conditions of workers were poor. Factory workers united to form the first unions. 

3. In certain rural areas, dairy farming (butter and cheese factories) gradually became Quebec's leading
   agricultural activity. 

4. Quebec's economy underwent radical change as its staple product changed from fur to timber. 
    This new industry created seasonal work for woodcutters, loggers and longshoremen. 

5. There was industrial development on Quebec's North Shore. Sept-Ïles and Baie-Comeau became
    important because of their proximity to iron ore mines. 

3.IDENTIFY TWO AIMS OF JOHN A. MACDONALD'S NATIONAL POLICY. 
   

1. To put a stop to French Canadian emigration to the United States. 
2. To develop Western Canada. 
3. To satisfy the demands of the Métis. 
4. To promote trade with the United States. 
5. To protect Canadian industries against foreign competition.

A)1 and 3 
B)2 and 4 
C)2 and 5 
D)3 and 5 
 

4.In the second half of the 19th century, Quebec underwent important economic and social changes. 

   WHICH TWO STATEMENTS BELOW DESCRIBE THE CHANGES THAT OCCURRED AT THIS TIME? 
           
        1. The industries located in Montreal included boots and shoes, textiles, foodstuffs, 
             cigars,iron and steel, lumber, transportation equipment and a host of shops and service faciliites. 

2. The timber trade created many new jobs. The wood was hauled to small rivers by teamsters
    and floated to the Ottawa or St. Lawrence rivers by drivers. 

3. The women worked side by side with the men. It became common to see women operating 
    rivetting hammers in shipyards, welding in aeroplane factories or driving trucks and buses. 

4. The Depression did not spare Quebec. Factories shut down. Workers lost their jobs and 
    were evicted by their landlords when the rent could no longer be paid. 

5. Children were expected to enter the work force at the earliest possible age. 
    Women's wages, low as they were, often made the difference between bare subsistence 
    and a modest "prosperity". 

5.   WHICH COMBINATION OF EVENTS OCCURED BETWEEN 1860 AND 1890 ? 

A) The Confederation of Canada 
        The hanging of Louis Riel 

B) The signing of the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States 
        Canada and the Boer War 

C) The coming to power of Wilfrid Laurier
        The achievement of responsible government 

D) The union of Upper and Lower Canada 
        The building of canals 

6.  Canada experienced economic difficulties between 1870 and 1880: 

• ineffective settlement of the West 
• a weak domestic market 
• flooding of the Canadian market with foreign products 

1. Free trade 
2. Extension of the railway system 
3. Promotion of immigration 
4. Increased tariffs (customs duties) 
5. Development of mining 
6. Land grants to the Métis 

7. After 1867, Quebec underwent important economic and social changes. 

    WHICH TWO OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS CHARACTERIZE QUEBEC SOCIETY 
    AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY? 

ITEM 1 
Quebec Emigration toward the United States: 1840-1900 

Period                       In Thousands 
1840-1850                   35 
1850-1860                   70 
1860-1870                 100 
1870-1880                 120 
1880-1890                 150 
1890-1900                 140 

ITEM 2 
Stock speculators shaken in wild day of panic. Record for all time is set by Wall Street in frenzy of selling. 

ITEM 3 
As the men went off to war, women took over the jobs in the factories. 
The important economic role played by women forced the government to change its attitude toward them. 

ITEM 4 
The Quebec birth rate experienced a serious decline: from 30 per thousand, it dropped to 13.8 per thousand within 15 years. 

ITEM 5 
Most workers worked a ten-hour day for low wages and had only Saturday afternoons and Sundays off. 
Child labour was widespread. Factories were dirty, poorly ventilated, and unsafe. 

A) 1 and 3                                           C) 2 and 4 
B) 1 and 5                                           D) 4 and 5 

8.  During the 1860s, the United Province of Canada faced economic difficulties. Exports to the United States
    dropped dramatically, which forced the United Province of Canada to develop its domestic market. 

    WHAT WAS THE CAUSE OF THE DROP IN EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES ? 

A)The American colonies did not accept Great Britain's adoption of the Quebec Act. 
       Unhappy, they boycotted products from the Province of Quebec. 

B) The decision made by the United States not to renew the Reciprocity Treaty was a serious blow to the
        economy of the United Province of Canada. 

C) Britain began importing more from its colonies because Napoleon's blockade prevented England from 
        obtaining supplies in Europe. 

D) The United States was fighting a civil war. Although they were unhappy about Britain's support of the
        Southern States, the Northern States continued importing supplies from the United Province of Canada. 

9.  In the period following Confederation, Quebec society underwent economic and social changes, 
     some of which are described below. 

ITEM 1
I left my small farm in Saint-Léon when the dairy industry began to develop, and moved to a working-class neighbourhood in Montreal with my family. I and two of my children, aged 12 and 14, found work in a textile factory. 

ITEM 2
A few years later, many of my neighbours left to work in the cotton mills in New England. 
I thought about going with my family, since I had lost my job. 

ITEM 3
The priest advised me to move with my family to colonize an outlying area. A good Catholic, I decided to follow his advice. We left for the Laurentians on curé Labelle's train. Labelle was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Colonization by Premier Honoré Mercier. 

                WITH WHAT PERIOD IN HISTORY ARE THE ABOVE TEXTS ASSOCIATED? 
 

                     A)                  B)                C)                 D)
            /______________/______________/______________/______________/ 

          1791                   1840                    1867                       1896                   1929
 

10. The three following events led to Canadian Confederation: 

•  Charlottetown Conference 
•  Quebec Conference 
•  London Conference 

                     A)                 B)                  C)                D) 
            /______________/______________/______________/______________/ 

         1825                    1850                    1875                       1900                    1925

11.The British North America Act of 1867 divided powers between the federal government and the provinces. 

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SETS REPRESENTS POWERS THAT ARE EXCLUSIVELY UNDER PROVINCIAL CONTROL? 

A) Health Care                                                             C) Defence and the military 
        Education                                                                       Civil law 
        Copyright                                                                        Navigation and railways 

B) Natural resources                                                     D) Weights and measures 
        Municipal institutions                                                        Currency and banking 
        Roads and highways                                                         Postal services 

12. WHICH TWO OF THE FOLLOWING TEXTS DESCRIBE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES 
     THAT TOOK PLACE DURING THE FIRST PHASE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION (1867 TO 1896)? 

TEXT 1
The dairy industry was well adapted to Quebec's climate and provided dairy prooducts (milk, butter and cheese) that were in high demand in Quebec's urban centres. 

TEXT 2
Mining became an important part of the Quebec economy.The focus was on the extraction and initial processing of minerals that would be exported. 

TEXT 3
Houses were built hurriedly to meet the needs of a rapidly growing urban population. Most housing lacked an adequate supply of water and an effective sewage system. 

TEXT 4
Following the stock market crash, the ensuing depression forced workers to accept wage reductions 
averaging 40 percent. Faced with unemployment, workers became powerless and destitute. 

TEXT 5
"We have given the women of our province the right to vote because they, as educators of the young and managers of the home, must have a say in everything that directly and indirectly affects the welfare of the family." Adélard Godbout

A) 1 and 3                                           C) 2 and 4 
B) 1 and 5                                           D) 3 and 4 

13. In the mid-1860s, several political leaders proposed a federal union as a solution to the political and 
     economic problems faced by United Canada. 

     WHICH TWO STATEMENTS REPRESENT FACTORS THAT LED TO THE PASSING 
     OF THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT (B.N.A. ACT) ? 

1. The government rejected the Naval Bill that would have created a Canadian navy.
2. Industrialization led to the movement of people from the countryside to the cities. 
3. The colony experienced a period of political instability: 10 governments in 10 years. 
4. The Métis Rebellion in the West forced the Canadian government to react. 
5. The United States government decided not to renew the Reciprocity Treaty. 

14.. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TEXTS DESCRIBES THIS NATIONAL POLICY? 

A) The proximity and size of the American market encouraged (United Canada) to establish closer ties 
         with the United States.Tariffs on certain products (such as wheat and lumber) were to be eliminated. 

B) They used ships made in Canada to trade various products with the French West Indies in the autumn.
        These same ships then delivered furs and returned the following summer loaded with manufactured goods
        needed by both colonists and merchants. 

C) Increasing numbers of industrialists believed that free trade was essential for an economic recovery: 
        that is to say, free trade with all countries, barring none. 

D) The plan consisted of three principal measures: higher tariffs, extension of the railroad towards 
        the West and increased immigration. 

15. WHICH ECONOMIC ELEMENTAND WHICH SOCIAL ELEMENT CHARACTERIZE QUEBEC DURING 
     THE FIRST PHASE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION (1867-1896)? 

ECONOMIC ELEMENTS
1. Foreign investment came mainly from the United States. 
2. The food, tobacco, textile and shoe industries developed. 
3. Industries were established in most regions of Quebec. 

SOCIAL ELEMENTS
4. The majority of workers belonged to unions. 
5. The  industrialized cities provided working-class districts with the health services they needed. 
6. Women and children working in factories were the worst paid and most exploited workers. 

A) 1 and 5                                            C) 2 and 6 
B) 2 and 4                                            D) 3 and 5 

16. A few years after Confederation, the Canadian economy faced a severe crisis. The Canadian government proposed solutions to deal with the situation.It proposed to focus the development of Canada on : 

• railway building 
• settlement of the West 
• protective tariffs 

A) George-Étienne Cartier                                     C) John A. Macdonald 

B) Wilfrid Laurier                                                  D) Honoré Mercier 

17. In the period between 1867 and 1896, Quebec underwent several changes. 

     WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TEXTS ILLUSTRATES ONE OF THE CHANGES ? 

A) A reciprocity treaty was signed with the United States. A railroad was built to Portland (U.S.) 
        to facilitate the shipping of goods, and the dollar was adopted as the monetary unit. 

B) American goods became the fashion. Anything imported was considered to be better. 
        Recreation began to play an important role in people's lives. 

C) It was impossible for the government to operate. No political party could obtain an absolute majority 
        in the Assembly, resulting in ten governments in as many years. 

D) Farmers sold horses, hay, peas and especially dairy products to the United States. 
        Butter and cheese factories sprung up everywhere. 
       The dairy industry became the backbone of agricultural development. 

18. From 1850 to 1867, the United Province of Canada faced serious political and economic problems. 

• Governments were regularly defeated in parliament and political instability led to political deadlock.
• The American Civil War caused fear of an American attack on the Province of Canada, since Britain had supported the Southern states.
• The American government refused to renew the Reciprocity Treaty, and Canada had to find a new market for its products.

    WHICH SOLUTION WAS FAVOURED BY BUSINESSMEN AND POLITICIANS ? 

 A)  The adoption of responsible government                          C)  Canadian autonomy in foreign policy 

 B)  Annexation to the United States                                    D)  Confederation 
 

19. During the years following the adoption of the British North America Act, 
     Canada experienced certain political and economic difficulties. 

      MATCH EACH DIFFICULTY WITH ITS PROPOSED SOLUTION. 

      DIFFICULTIES                                                              SOLUTIONS

 1. An economic crisis shook most                              a)  Mercier and Mowat promoted 
     of the Western world, including                                  provincial autonomy. 
     Canada. 

 2. Agriculture in Quebec suffered                              b)  John A. Macdonald's government adopted the 
     because of poor farming techniques.                          National Policy. 

 3. The provincial premiers opposed                           c)  The Quebec government promoted dairy farming as 
     the centralizing tendencies of the                             the main form of agriculture. 
      federal government. 
 

 A)  1a,    2b,    3c                                 C) 1b,    2c,    3a 
 B)  1b,    2a,    3c                                 D) 1c,    2a,    3b 

20.     WHICH THREE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS CHARACTERIZE QUEBEC SOCIETY WITHIN
         CONFEDERATION BETWEEN 1867 AND 1896 ? 

1. The working conditions of factory workers were terrible.
2. French Canadians emigrated to the United States. 
3. Women obtained the right to vote in Quebec. 
4. In the working-class district of cities, living conditions met public health and hygiene standards. 
5. The clergy remained an influential group in Quebec society. 
6. The Quebec government introduced an income tax.