HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA
      MODULE 7
          CONTEMPORARY QUEBEC
             (Classification and chronological activities)
 
 
1. CLASSIFY THE DATA BELOW ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING FOUR CATEGORIES : 

A) World War 11  

  • War effort 
  • Women and war 
  • Conscription crisis 
B) Quebec Society during the Duplessis era  
  • Traditional elements 
  • Elements of change 
  • Nationalist policies 
  • Major developments 
C) The Quiet Revolution  
  • Purpose 
  • Principal changes and achievements 
D) Major Issues (1970-1998)  
  • Language 
  • Sovereignty debate 
  • Status of women 
  • Native populations 
  • Role of government 
1. Wanting to modernize Quebec, Jean Lesage used government to effect changes in education, social services, energy and the economy. 

2. Economic development was left entirely in the hands of private enterprise; social and educational concerns were left to religious orders; the state maintained a low profile. 

3. The Canadian government supported the war effort by selling Victory Bonds. 

4. The fleur-de-lysé was adopted as Quebec's official flag. 

5. The expression from the kitchen to the factory could summarize the situation of women during this period. 

6. By 1942, the military had convinced the government that the volunteer system could not maintain the strength of the armed forces. To buy time and to release itself from its earlier commitment to Quebec, the government held a plebiscite on the issue. 

7. The Quebec government created Crown Corporations such as the Caisse de dépôt et de placement and Sidbec. 

8. The government of Quebec introduced a provincial income tax . 

9. The independence forces lost the referendum with a 60 percent " No " vote. 

10. Union leaders, intellectuals, and the media began criticizing Duplessis' consevative policies. 

11. The Padlock Law was passed giving the police the right to search and close down the offices of unions suspected of communist activity. 

12. Bill 101 restricted English schools to children whose parents or brothers and sisters had gone to an elementary school in Quebec. 

13. Registration, conscription, rationing, price controls, and censorship gave the government a new, direct influence on daily life. 

14. Do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign, after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new Economic and Political Partnership... June 12, 19_ _? 

15. In 1942, products such as sugar, coffee, tea, butter, meat and gasoline were being rationed. 

16. He defended nationalist values; land, family, language and religion were for him the cornerstones of French Canadian society. 

17. In collaboration with René Lévesque, Jean Lesage launched an election campaign in which the nationalization of privately owned hydro-electric companies was the major issue. 

18. Increasingly, women now occupy key positions in both government and business. 

19. The expansion of a local golf course onto lands claimed by the Mohawk at the Kahnesatake reserve near Oka was the immediate cause of the crisis. 

20. Fully half of the women working were doing what was once deemed men's work - operating small machines, paint spraying, spot welding and riveting. 

21. Long and bitter strikes took place at Asbestos, Murdochville and Louiseville. 

22. To cut its expenditures in the 1990s, the government of Quebec froze the salaries of its employees for several years. 

23. In 1964, in collaboration with Paul Gérin-Lajoie, the Lesage government created the Ministry of Education. 

24. Further hydro-electric development in the James Bay region was opposed by the Cree, who found strong allies among American ecologists. 

25. "Are you in favour of releasing the government from any obligation arising out of any past commitments restricting the methods of raising men for military services". 
 
 

 
 
 
2. CLASSIFY THE DATA BELOW ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING FIVE PREMIERS OF QUEBEC : 
 
  • Jean Lesage (1960-1966)  
  • Robert Bourassa (1970-1976)  
  • René Lévesque (1976-1985)  
  • Robert Bourassa (1985-1994)  
  • Jacques Parizeau / Lucien Bouchard (1994-1998) 
 

1. Pierre Laporte, Quebec's Minister of Labour, was murdered by the F.L.Q. during the October Crisis. 

2. Maîtres chez nous was the slogan of the time. 

3. He signed the Meech Lake Accord however it  was not ratified by all the provinces. 

4. The Quebec government lost its  first referendum on sovereignty-association. 

5. The Quebec government created Crown Corporations such as the Caisse de dépôt et de placement and the Société générale de financement. 

6. Bill 101, a language law resricting the use of English in Quebec, was passed by the National Assembly. 

7. The creation of the Quebec automobile insurance plan and the adoption of anti-scab laws were major achievements. 

8. The expansion of a local golf course onto lands claimed by the Mohawk at the Kahnesatake reserve near Oka was the immediate cause of the crisis. 

9. The Parent Commission examined education in Quebec. Quebec's ministère de l'Éducation was then created. 

10. Do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign, after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new Economic and Political Partnership... June 12, 19_ _? 

11. The James Bay  hydro project brought Native land claims to the forefront as Cree leaders demanded their rights. The James Bay Agreement which ensued was a negotiated settlement between this Quebec government and the Cree Indians. 

12. A second referendum on Quebec sovereignty was held. 

13. Bill 22, making French the official language of Quebec, was passed by the National Assembly. 

14. The national referendum on the Charlottetown Agreement was defeated in Quebec and many other provinces. 

15. The construction of the James Bay hydro-electric project began when he was premier. 

16. Hospital insurance came into effect. 

17. Bill 178, making it legal to post English signs inside commercial establishments, was adopted by the National Assembly. 

18. The Canadian constitution was patriated when he was premier of Quebec. 

19. He was responsible for the coming to power of the Parti Québécois. 

20. This government, in collaboration with the federal government, established the Regime des rentes du Quebec (the Quebec Pension Plan). 

21. The implementation of health insurance (medicare) occurred during the time he was premier. 

22. In collaboration with René Lévesque, this premier launched an election campaign in which the nationalization of privately owned hydro-electric companies was the major issue. 

23. Quebec's National assembly refuses to sign the new constitution which consists of the patriation of the constitution, an amending formula and a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.. 

24. The Quebec Charter of Human  Rights and Freedoms is adopted by the National Assembly. 

25. The first of the Common Front strikes were held and union leaders were imprisoned for encouraging workers to defy back-to-work legislation. 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

3. CLASSIFY THE DATA BELOW ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING THREE CATEGORIES : 

  • Social  
  • Political  
  • Economic 
 
1. A referendum on the issue of separation from Canada was held in 1980 and in 1995. 

2. In the period following the arrival to power of René Lévesque thousands of English Quebecers left the province. 

3. Over two million babies were born in Quebec between 1945 and 1960. 

4. In 1944, the federal government began to issue family allowances. 

5. The Montreal Light Heat & Power Consolidated was nationalized to create Hydro-Quebec. 

6. Towards the end of the war women formed 27 % of the labour force. 

7. In 1961, education was made compulsory to age 16. 

8. The fleur-de-lysé was adopted as Quebec's official flag. 

9. The development of the James Bay hydroelectric project was started by Premier Bourassa. 

10. Maitres chez nous was the slogan of the time. 

11. The Bloc Québécois was founded by Lucien Bouchard. 

12. Following the end of the war there was a great demand for consumer goods. 

13. The conscription crisis divided the country. 

14. Following the Quiet Revolution, the Roman Catholic Church lost much of its influence over public affairs. 

15. Large sums of money were borrowed in the U.S. to finance the development of James Bay. 

16. The Liberals, under the leadership of Jean Lesage, believed that the State should play a dominant role in Quebec's development. 

17. During World War 11, the government controlled prices to prevent inflation. 

18. The War Measures Act was used by Prime Minister Trudeau during the October crisis of 1970. 

19. By 1960, 30 % of Quebec's labour force was unionized. 

20. Between 1951 and 1960 close to 2 million immigrants arrived in Canada. 

21. In 1988, Canada signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States. 

22. Duplessis favoured agriculture by extending the rural electricity network and paving roads. 

23. The government gave appointments, awarded contracts, and distributed favours to the friends and the supporters of the Union nationale. 

24. To promote growth, government corporations such as Sidbec, Soquem and the Caisse de dépôt et de placement were created. 

25. Pierre Laporte, Quebec's Minister of Labour, was murdered by the F.L.Q. during the October Crisis. 
 
 
 
 
 
4. FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DEVELOPMENTS INDICATE THE LETTER OF THE CHRONOLOGICAL PERIOD. 
 

                                          A)                          B)                          C)                      D) 
                             /____________/____________/____________/____________/ 

                        1939                   1950                      1965                      1980                  1995 
 

1. The beginnings of the Quiet Revolution     _____ 
2. The conscription crisis        _____ 
3. The election of the Parti Québécois      _____ 
4. The October Crisis        _____ 
5. The outbreak of World War 11       _____ 
6. The adoption of the Quebec flag      _____ 
7. The  Oka crisis         _____ 
8. Quebec's first referendum on sovereignty-association _____ 
9. Bill 101       _____ 
10. Free trade agreement with the United States        _____ 
 
 
 

5. PLACE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN THEIR CORRECT CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

  • Quiet Revolution  ____                                       Meech Lake Accord  ____ 
  • End of W. W. 11 ____                                         Patriation of the constitution  ____ 
  • Death of M. Duplessis ____                              First referendum on sovereignty   ____ 
  • Bill 22 ____                                                            Election won by René Lévesque ____ 
  • Bill 101 ____                                                          Common Front strikes ____ 
  • Bill 63 ____                                                            The October Crisis  ____ 
 
 

6. TIMELINE  

 Following are some significant dates found  in Module 7 of  the History of Quebec and Canada  program. 

  • 1939,  1940,  1942,  1945,  1949,  1954,  1960,   1964,   1969,  1970, 
  • 1974,  1975,  1976, 1977,   1980,   1982,  1988,  1990,   1992,  1995. 
 MATCH  the following events to the above dates . 

a) Sixty percent of Quebecers voted not to give the Quebec government,  led by René Lévesque, a mandate to negotiate sovereignty-association with the rest of Canada. _____ 

b) Quebec becomes the last province to give women the right to vote in  provincial elections. _____ 

c)  The establishment of the Ministry of Education made it clear that the state was taking over direct control of education. _____ 

d) The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement is the first aboriginal  treaty to be negotiated since 1923. The agreement laid the basis for Cree and  Inuit schools, hospitals, social service agencies, and business enterprises. 
_____ 

e) Canada declared war on Germany after its attack on Poland. _____ 

f) Police used tear gas and fire hoses to subdue riots that erupted outside the  provincial legislature as about 20, 000 demonstrators gathered to protest Bill  63. The bill granted Quebecers the right to choose to be educated in French or  English. _____ 

g) In Asbestos, Quebec, 5,000 workers affiliated with the Canadian Catholic Confederation of Labor go on an illegal strike, paralysing major asbestos mines. In the same year Newfoundland enters Confederation. _____ 

h) The Charlottetown Accord was another attempt to obtain Quebec's approval  of the constitution. In a national referendun held in October it was soundly rejected in Quebec and most other provinces. _____ 

i) Prime Minister Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act to deal with the October crisis in Quebec._____ 

j) The specific question asked in the plebiscite was whether Canadians would  release the government from Prime Minister Mackenzie King's election pledge not to impose conscription. Quebec's voters strongly rejected conscription by  more than 70 percent. _____ 

k) The Charter of the French Language (Bill 101) forced all children to attend  French schools, unless one of their parents has attended an English primary school in Quebec. _____ 

l)  Maurice Duplessis establishes a provincial income tax scheme for Quebec. _____ 

m) The Constitution Act was proclaimed in Canada and "patriation" was achieved. The Act created a new amending formula for different aspects of the constitution and the adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. _____ 

n) The Meech Lake Accord is defeated after the governments of  Newfoundland  and Manitoba fail to ratify the agreement. _____ 
 
o) Jean Lesage and the Quebec Liberals end sixteen years of Union Nationale rule. _____ 
 
p) René Lévesque's separatist Parti Québécois win 69 of 108 seats in Quebec's  National Assembly. _____ 

q) Prime Minister Mulroney's government  signs a free trade agreement with the United States. _____ 

r) World War 11 comes to an end when the United States drops an atomic bomb on Japan. _____ 

s) The second referendum on sovereignty for Quebec is again defeated  although this time by a much smaller margin. Premier Parizeau resigns after having blamed the ethnic vote and money for its defeat. He is replaced by   Lucien Bouchard. _____ 

t) The government of Premier Robert Bourassa passed its language legislation (Bill 22) establishing French as Quebec's official language and putting  restrictions on English-language education. _____ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CORRECTION GUIDE 

1. CLASSIFY THE DATA ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING MAJOR CONCEPTS : 

A) World War 11  

  • War effort : 3, 13, 15
  • Women and war : 5, 20 
  • Conscription crisis:  6, 25
B) Quebec Society during the Duplessis era  
  • Traditional elements : 2, 16
  • Elements of change : 10 
  • Nationalist policies : 4, 8 
  • Major developments : 11, 21
C) The Quiet Revolution  
  • Purpose :
  • Principal changes and achievements : 7, 17, 23
D) Major Issues (1970-1998)  
  • Language :  12
  • Sovereignty debate :  9, 14
  • Status of women :  18
  • Native populations :  19, 24
  • Role of government :  22

  •  
     
     
2. CLASSIFY THE DATA  BASED ON THE FIVE PREMIERS OF QUEBEC : 
  • Jean Lesage (1960-1966) :   2, 5, 9, 16, 20, 22 
  • Robert Bourassa (1970-1976)  :   1, 11, 13, 15, 21, 24, 25 
  • René Lévesque (1976-1985) :   4, 6, 7, 18, 19, 23 
  • Robert Bourassa (1985-1994)  :   3, 8, 14, 17 
  • Jacques Parizeau / Lucien Bouchard (1994-1998) :   10, 12 

  •  
     
     
3. CLASSIFY THE DATA ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS : 
  • Social  :   2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 14, 19, 20
  • Political :   1, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18, 23, 25
  • Economic :   5, 9, 12, 15, 17, 21, 22, 24

  •  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

4. INDICATE THE LETTER   OF THE CHRONOLOGICAL PERIOD. 
 
1. B                        6. A 

2. A                        7. D 

3.                        8.  

4.                        9. C 

5. A                       10. D 
 
 

5. PLACE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN THEIR CORRECT CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 
 

  • Quiet Revolution   3                                       Meech Lake Accord  
  • End of W.W. 11                                           Patriation of the constitution   2 
  • Death of M. Duplessis  2                               First referendum on sovereignty  
 
  • Bill 22   2                                                          Election won by René Lévesque  3
  • Bill101  3                                                          Common Front strikes  2
  • Bill 63                                                            The October Crisis     1
 
 
 

6. MATCH  the following events to the dates. 

a) 1980                    k) 1977 

b) 1940                    l)  1954 

c) 1964                    m) 1982 

d) 1975                    n) 1990 

e) 1939                    o) 1960 

f) 1969                    p) 1976 

g) 1949                   q) 1988 

h) 1992                   r) 1945 

i) 1970                    s) 1995 

j) .1942                    t) 1974