Exam 3

History of Quebec and Canada

Final Exam #3

Instructions

Instructions

1-Indicate your answer by typing it in the text box below each question.

2-Use lower case i.e a not A.

3-Check your Score by Submitting your answer after each entry.

4-Compare your answers at the end of the Exam.

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Part A- 22 multiple choice items Part B-8 Structured response items

Part A

1. At the time of the French explorations, three major Amerindian language groups shared the territory of
northeastern North America: the Inuit,the Algonquians and the Iroquoians.

FROM EACH OF THE BOXES BELOW,SELECT THE STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES THE ALGONQUIANS.

TERRITORY

1. They occupied the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes Lowlands.

2. They lived in the forests of the Canadian Shield and the Appalachians.

3. They occupied all of northeastern North America: the Canadian Shield, the St. Lawrence / Great Lakes
Lowlands, and the Appalachians.

LIFESTYLE

4. They lived mainly by hunting,fishing and gathering; they moved with the seasons, following the game
or looking for new food gathering grounds.

5. They lived entirely on livestock and farm crops. They had settled permanently in the same area several
generations earlier.

6. They lived mainly on corn, squash and beans, which they grew in large fields around their villages; they also
hunted and fished.

(A) 1 and 5 (B) 2 and 4 (C) 2 and 6 (D) 3 and 4

Indicate your answer by typing it in the text box.Use lower case i.e. a not A.
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2. The map below illustrates the routes followed by French explorers in North America in the 17th century.

WHY DID NEW FRANCE EXPAND ITS TERRITORY?

A) To convert as many Amerindians as possible to Christianity
B) To find new sources of gold and silver
C) To find new land for settlers
D) To find new land to supply the fur trade

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3. Until 1663, private chartered companies were responsible for settling New France. France took charge of settlement itself only after 1663 when it realized that the companies were not fulfilling their responsibilities.

WHY DID THE CHARTERED COMPANIES MAKE SO LITTLE EFFORT TO SETTLE NEW FRANCE?

A) They did not need to find settlers for the colony because the fur trade required few immigrants.
B) They preferred to bring settlers to New England because there were more profits to be made there.
C) The territory that France granted them was not big enough to be worth settling.
D) There was not enough farmland to attract settlers.

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4. The following texts describe the role of the governor, the intendant and the Sovereign Council in Royal
Government.

TEXT 1

controlled the colony's internal administration, particularly settlement, finance and the administration of justice

TEXT 2

as representative of the king in the colony, was responsible for military affairs and diplomatic relations with the Amerindians and the English colonies

TEXT 3

acted as a court of law and was allowed to criticize decisions made by the authorities or suggest improvements

WHICH ANSWER BELOW CORRECTLY INDICATES THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNOR, THE INTENDANT AND THE SOVEREIGN COUNCIL?

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5. The photograph below illustrates how land is still divided along the Richelieu River today. Long, narrow strips of land along a waterway are characteristic of the seigneurial system.

WHY WAS THE LAND DIVIDED IN THIS WAY?

A) To favour the development of a trading colony
B) To ensure the best possible defence of the colony
C) To give as many censitaires (tenants) as possible access to the river
D) To encourage the population to move to cities and villages

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6. The following documents illustrate various stages in the settlement of New France.

WHICH ANSWER BELOW PRESENTS THESE STAGES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER?

Document 2
Decree of Louis xiv to Jean Talon

It is ordered . . . that in the future all inhabitants of the . . . country who have up to ten legitimate children living who are neither priests nor belong to any religious order . . . will be paid . . . a yearly gratuity of three hundred livres, and those who have twelve, four hundred livres; . . . in addition . . . all males who marry before the age of twenty, and females before the age of sixteen, will receive on their wedding day twenty livres to be known as the King's gift." Cameron Nish, ed. and transl., The French Regime (Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall of Canada, Ltd., 1965), p. 57-58.

Document 3
Most of the 65 000 inhabitants along both shores of the St. Lawrence River were now Canadiens who were born in New France and who had adapted their French lifestyle to their new geographic and social environment.

Document 4
Excerpt from the Charter of the Company of the 100 Associates (1627)

"The Hundred Associates promise to transport two or three hundred settlers of all trades [next year] . . . and in the following fifteen years." John A. Dickinson and Brian Young, Diverse Pasts: A History of Quebec and Canada, 2nd ed., (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1995), p. 47.

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7. At the beginning of the British Regime, some aspects of life in New France changed, while others remained the same.

WHICH TWO STATEMENTS BELOW INDICATE CHANGES IN NEW FRANCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE BRITISH
REGIME?

   1.Fur was the main export.
   2.The Canadiens practised Catholicism.
   3.The colony was ruled by a mother country.
   4.English Criminal law was in effect.
   5.The colony's territory was limited to the St. Lawrence Valley.

(A) 1 and 3 (C) 3 and 5

(B) 2 and 4 (D) 4 and 5

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8. The Royal Proclamation issued by Britain after the Conquest included a series of measures intended to assimilate the Canadiens.

WHAT WAS THE ATTITUDE OF THE FIRST GOVERNORS, MURRAY AND CARLETON, TOWARD THE CANADIENS IN
THEIR APPLICATION OF THESE MEASURES?

A)An attitude of conciliation, favouring compromise rather than a strict application of the law.

B) An attitude of superiority and contempt toward an enemy who had at last been conquered.

C) An attitude of indifference toward the Canadiens, who were now a minority.

D) An attitude of profound admiration toward the Canadiens, whose customs they wished to adopt.

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9. In 1774, with the Quebec Act, the British authorities made major concessions to the clergy and seigneurs by abolishing the Test Act and recognizing French civil law.

WHY DID THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES MAKE THESE CONCESSIONS?

A) To encourage the Canadiens to join the revolutionaries in the Thirteen Colonies
B) To encourage the Canadiens to stay in North America rather than return to France
C) To secure the loyalty of the Canadiens, who might otherwise join the American Revolution
D) To satisfy the Thirteen Colonies and avoid war

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10. TO WHICH PERIOD IN CANADIAN HISTORY DO THE TWO DOCUMENTS BELOW REFER?

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11. The following text illustrates the rapid growth of the Canadian timber trade at the beginning of the 19th century.

"Since 1806, the colonies' timber trade . . . has grown to an extraordinary extent .... A study of exports between 1806 and 1810 will reveal that, during that period, exports of timber increased from approximately 100 000 to 375 000 tons, almost half of which came from Quebec'' Joseph Bouchette, 1815
Translated from a citation in Louise Charpentier et al., Nouvelle histoire du Québec et du Canada (Montréal:
Centre Educatif et Culturel, 1990), p. 151.

WHICH TWO FACTORS BELOW EXPLAIN THE RAPID GROWTH OF THE TIMBER TRADE?

1. The preferential tariffs offered by Britain to its colonies
2. The removal of taxes on exports of Canadian timber to the United States
3. Napoleon's blockade of European ports against British ships
4. The lack of timber reserves in Europe
5. Britain's adoption of a policy of free trade with its colonies

(A) 1 and 3 (C) 2 and 3

(B) 1 and 4 (D) 4 and 5

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12. The documents below illustrate major events in the history of Canada during the first half of the 19th century.

WHICH ANSWER BELOW PRESENTS THESE EVENTS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER?

Document 1
"I expected to find a contest between a government and a people: I found two nations warring in the bosom of a single state: I found a struggle, not of principles, but of races .... I find in union the only means of remedying at once and completely the two prominent causes of their present unsatisfactory condition." Durham Report

Document 3

The Union Act

Whereas it is necessary that Provision be made for the good Government of the Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada . . . it is expedient that the said Provinces be re-united and form One Province for the Purposes of Executive Government and Legislation . . . under the Name of the Province of Canada."

Document 4
"A climax was reached with the Ninety-two Resolutions adopted by the assembly . . . . The grievances and
demands of the majority [included] control of the revenue, an elective council [and] no changes in land tenure." Edgar McInnis, Canada: A Political and Social History, 4" ed. (Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston of Canada, 1982), p. 250.

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13. Through the Union Act, Britain united Upper and Lower Canada in a single province, the Province of Canada.

WHAT WAS BRITAIN'S OBJECTIVE IN UNITING UPPER AND LOWER CANADA?

A) To save on the cost of administering the colony
B) To ensure that the majority of representatives in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada were
British
C) To ensure that the majority of representatives in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada were
French Canadiens
D) To give the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada responsible government

.
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14. The tables below illustrate population movements that deeply affected Québec society during the second half of the 19th century.

WHICH FACTOR BELOW WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTH THESE POPULATION MOVEMENTS?

A) French Canadians wanted to occupy as much territory in Québec as possible.
B) Epidemics raged in rural areas of Québec and forced the population to flee.
C) The seigneurial lands were overpopulated and French Canadians looked for work in the factories.
D) French Canadians were attracted by the idea of colonizing the American West.

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15. The table below is an example of industrial growth in Canada under John A. Macdonald, between 1878 and 1891.

WHAT POLICY ADOPTED BY THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT EXPLAINS THIS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH?

A) The National Policy
B) The policy of free trade with Britain
C) The policy of mercantilism with the mother country
D) The policy of reciprocity with the United States

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16. During the years following Confederation, Quebec society experienced major political, economic and social changes.

FROM EACH OF THE BOXES BELOW, SELECT THE STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES QUEBEC SOCIETY BETWEEN 1867 AND 1896.

POLITICAL
1. After several years of discussion and political clashes, the Canadiens obtained responsible government.
2. The hanging of Louis Riel angered the population of Quebec.
3. French Canadians overwhelmingly opposed conscription, which was imposed by the federal government.

ECONOMICAL
4. Regions of Quebec rich in forest, mineral and hydroelectric resources experienced remarkable growth.
5. More and more industries appeared in the cities, particularly in the food, clothing and shoemaking sectors.
6. In a few years, the timber trade experienced phenomenal growth; for several decades, it was the most
important industry in Quebec.

SOCIAL
7. Workers reacted to poor working conditions in the factories by forming the first unions.
8. A professional middle class made up of notaries, lawyers and doctors emerged; this class would provide most of the members of the Patriote party.
9. The status of women changed considerably; groups were formed to demand recognition of women's political and legal rights.

(A) 1, 6 and 7 (C) 2, 5 and 7

(B) 2, 4 and 9 (D) 3, 5 and 8

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17.The statements below describe a period in the history of Canada.

WHICH LETTER ON THE TIME LINE REPRESENTS THIS PERIOD?

Canada became a major player on the international scene; it signed the Treaty of Versailles as a full-fledged country.
Quebec experienced major economic growth, due mainly to hydroelectricity and the exploitation of natural resources. The colonization of the West stimulated industrial growth in Ontario and Quebec.
With industrial development, the urban population increased rapidly. The rate of urbanization in Quebec increased from 36 percent to 60 percent in 30 years.

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18. WHICH TWO OF THE TEXTS BELOW DESCRIBE THE SECOND PHASE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN QUEBEC?

TEXT 1
Pulp-and-paper mills appeared in Québec, mainly in Saguenay-Lac-Saint Jean and Mauricie, but also in Gaspésie, Estrie, Outaouais, Témiscamingue and the Québec region.

TEXT 2
Farmers turned to dairy production. Hundreds of butter and cheese factories appeared in the rural areas of
Québec.

TEXT 3
Industrial development was concentrated in Montréal and Estrie. Capital was invested mainly in the new light
industries, such as tanneries, shoemaking factories, breweries and spinning mills.

TEXT 4
The money necessary for the development of new industries came mainly from within Canada.

TEXT 5
During this period, foreign investment in Québec industries came less often from Britain and more often from the United States.

(A) 1 and 4 (C) 2 and 5

(B) 1 and 5 (D) 3 and 4

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19. At the beginning of the 20th century, certain events led Canadians to take a stand on the role of Canada in the British Empire. On three occasions, Canadians were asked to support Britain:

participation in the Boer War

the creation of a Canadian navy

participation in World War I

WHAT WAS THE ATTITUDE OF FRENCH CANADIANS TO THESE DEVELOPMENTS?

A) As members of the British Empire, they thought Canada had an obligation to provide Britain with troops and money.
B) They wanted to participate more actively in the wars of the British Empire in order to obtain more political
advantages.
C) They questioned the basis of Confederation and wanted Québec to be an independent country.
D) They opposed the obligatory and automatic participation of Canada in the wars of the British Empire and
wanted more autonomy for Canada.

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20. In 1942, in the middle of World War II, the government of Canada faced a dilemma. On the one hand, it wanted to increase the number of Canadian troops in the war and, on the other hand, it had promised the people that it would not impose conscription for military service overseas.

To resolve this dilemma, Mackenzie King's government asked the people of Canada to vote on the following question:

WHICH STATEMENT BELOW DESCRIBES HOW CANADIANS VOTED ON THE QUESTION?

A) Most English Canadians said "No"; the vast majority of French Canadians said "Yes."

B) Most Canadians, French and English alike, said "Yes."

C) The vote was split down the middle for both English Canadians and French Canadians.

D) Most English Canadians said "Yes"; the vast majority of French Canadians said "No."

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21. Canada's participation in World War II had serious consequences for Québec society.

WHICH TWO OF THE DOCUMENTS BELOW ILLUSTRATE THESE CONSEQUENCES?

Document 2
"For women, the decade began with a wave of demands. Women now had equal access to education, but they had not yet attained equal status with men .... The Québec government created the Conseil du
statut de la femme, whose mandate was to promote the status of women."
Translated from Danielle McKinnon and Pierre Lalonge, Notre Histoire (Montréal: Editions du renouveau pedagogique inc., 1984), p.354.

Document 3
"In Québec, the period was characterized by new political parties and a new role for the state in education, the economy, and social affairs."
John A. Dickinson and Brian Young, Diverse Pasts: A History of Québec and Canada (Toronto: Copp Clark
Pitman Ltd., 1986), p. 335.

Document 4
"The women of Canada worked side by side with the men .... It became common to see women operating rivetting hammers in shipyards, welding in aeroplane factories or driving trucks and buses on city streets."
H.H. Herstien et al., Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada (Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice- Hall of Canada, Ltd., 1970), p. 384-85.

Document 5
"After a while, the government intervened. The federal, provincial and municipal governments joined forces to
alleviate poverty and boost the economy. Public works were undertaken to occupy the
unemployed ....Direct relief, in the form of coupons, was attributed on the basis of each family's needs."
Translated from Marcel Roy et al., Je me souviens. Histoire du Québec et du Canada (Montréal, Editions du renouveau pédagogique inc.,1995), p. 383.

(A) 1 and 4 (B) 1 and 5 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 3 and 5

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22. FROM EACH OF THE BOXES BELOW, SELECT THE STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES QUÉBEC SOCIETY DURING THE DUPLESSIS ERA (1944-59).

POLITICAL

1. The government introduced a number of health, education and economic reforms; it became the main
player in the development of Québec society.

2. The government introduced automobile insurance, maternity leave and environmental protection
policies, and it passed Bill 101, which made French the only official language in Québec.

3. The government believed in traditional values; it relied on private enterprise for economic development
and the Church for education and social services.

ECONOMIC

4. Québec experienced the worst economic crisis in history: industries closed, there were many
     bankruptcies.

5. Québec experienced a period of economic prosperity: industrial production was growing; the iron
     mines in Cote-Nord and Nouveau-Québec were exploited.

6. The Québec economy was at a standstill; the jobs created were no longer sufficient to offset the
     losses caused by economic difficulties and technological changes.

SOCIAL

7. Québec society was undergoing major change; the Native peoples were claiming more respect for
     their rights, the ethnic origin of immigrants was becoming more diverse and women now had access
     to key positions.

8. Trade unionism developed and played an important role: in 15 years, the percentage of unionized
     labour increased from 25 to 30 percent and there were more and more strikes, including those at
     Asbestos, Louiseville and Murdochville, and at Dupuis Frères in Montréal.

9. Working-class families suffered from unemployment and poverty; in the absence of any social
     security measures, the poorest had to rely on charitable institutions to survive.

(A) 1, 4 and 8 (B) 2, 5 and 7 (C) 3, 5 and 8 (D) 3, 6 and 9

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Go on to Part B

Part B

23. FROM EACH OF THE BOXES BELOW, SELECT THE STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES THE FUR TRADE AND ITS
CONSEQUENCES IN NEW FRANCE.

ECONOMIC
1. The fur trade was left to personal initiative; no one was really in control.
2. The King of France gave the monopoly over the fur trade to private chartered companies in exchange for their agreement to settle the colony.
3. The King of France reserved exclusive rights to the fur trade in New France; profits were used for the
administration and development of the colony.

POLITICAL
4. The fur trade led to clashes between the French and the British.
5. French and British merchants were obliged to join forces in order to fight the Amerindians.
6. The Amerindians refused to become involved in conflicts between the French and the British; they remained neutral.

SOCIOCULTURAL
7. The fur trade encouraged the Amerindians to live a sedentary lifestyle.
8. The fur trade resulted in major changes in the living conditions of the Amerindians.
9. The fur trade provided nothing but advantages for the Amerindians in terms of culture.

Type your answer in the Text Boxes below. Do not use spaces or hyphens, enter 4 numbers e.g. 3456


ECONOMIC	POLITICAL	SOCIOCULTURAL

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24. Throughout its history, New France attracted no more than 10 000 French immigrants.
Several factors contributed to this state of affairs, but the important one was New France's economy.
The text below explains how the Fur Trade had a negative effect on the settlement of New France.
Some words have been omitted.

USE THE WORDS BELOW TO FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE TEXT BOXES.

- mercantilism

- natives

- companies

- coureurs de bois

Type your answers in the Text Boxes below. Use lower case e.g. french

The small labour force needed to supply the fur trade, required only a few trading counters and mainly

.

The lack of enthusiasm of the in fullfilling their reponsibility to settle the colony, cut into their profits from the fur trade.

, made it impossible to develop a processing industry in New France and favored the development of a trading colony.

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25. The British North America (BNA) Act, which came into effect on July 1, 1867, defined the democratic mechanisms and institutions that still govern Canadian political life today.

The text below describes the Canadian political system. Some words have been omitted.

USE THE WORDS BELOW TO FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE TEXT BOXES.

· cabinet · house of commons · federal government · senate · federalism · provincial governments

Type your answers in the Text Boxes below. Use lower case e.g. French

One of the basic characteristics of the Canadian political system is that powers and income are shared between
the federal and provincial governments. For example, the , has the power to legislate in matters concerning defence, postal service and banks, while the are responsible for education, health care and civil justice. This Canadian political system is called.

Parliament, whose main function is to pass laws, is formed of two bodies: the ,whose members are elected by the people, and the , whose members are appointed by thegovernment. Executive power, that is, the power to carry out decisions made by Parliament and to manage public funds, is held by the .

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26.The diagram below illustrates certain aspects of the Great Depression of the 1930s in Québec and Canada.

COMPLETE THE DIAGRAM BY MATCHING THE FOLLOWING WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS WITH THE APPROPRIATE LETTER.

Factory shutdowns
Economic recovery
Overproduction
Public works program


A
B
C
D

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27. In the years following World War II, Maurice Duplessis was premier of Quebec, while William Lyon Mackenzie King was prime minister of Canada.

The text below describes the position of the Duplessis government's with respect to Federal-Provincial relations. Some words have been omitted.
USE THE WORDS BELOW TO FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE TEXT BOXES.

-agreed
-relinquish
-refused
-regain

At the federal-provincial conference of 1945, Maurice Duplessis expressed his desire that Québec the powers taken over by Ottawa during the war. He to renew the 1942 agreement, according to which the provinces gave up their right to collect income tax from individuals and businesses in exchange for fixed subsidies from the federal government.

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28. In the 1960s, the Quebec government made major socio-economic changes, including the creation of the Société generale de financement (SGF),the Ministry of Education and the implementation of a hospital insurance program and the Quebec Pension Plan.

WHAT IS THIS PERIOD IN QUÉBEC'S RECENT HISTORY CALLED? The

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29. The documents below illustrate an aspect of continuity between the governments of Maurice Duplessis, Jean Lesage, Daniel Johnson, Sr., and Rene Lévesque.

NAME THIS ASPECT OF CONTINUITY.

Increasedfor Quebec.

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30. The development and exploitation of hydroelectricity are central to the economic history of contemporary Québec.

The table below lists periods in the history of contemporary Québec and the main stages in the development of hydroelectricity.

MATCH EACH STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROELECTRICITY WITH THE APPROPRIATE PERIOD.


Periods in the history of contemporary Quebec	Stages in the development of hydroelectricity
1 First phase of industrialization in Québec	A -Farmers, who supported the government in power, obtained the electrification of rural areas.
2 Second phase of industrialization in Québec	B -The government wanted Québec to take charge of its economic future and, in keeping with this ambition, nationalized hydroelectricity.
3 The government of Maurice Duplessis	C -In an attempt to boost the Québec economy and to reduce unemployment,the government undertook a huge project to construct hydroelectric complexes in James Bay.
4 The government of Jean Lesage	D -Electricity became the main source of economic development in some regions of Québec. The first hydroelectric complexes, built by American companies, made it possible to open the first aluminum smelters.
5 The government of Robert Bourassa	E -Electricity was not yet a part of Quebec's industrial development. Coal was the main source of energy.

Type your answers in the Text Boxes below. Do not use spaces or hyphens, enter 1 numbe ineach box.


Periods in the history of contemporary Quebec	1	2	3	4	5
Stages in the development of hydroelectricity

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